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EXPLORER · CHAPTER 1 · LESSON 1 OF 5

What is Bitcoin

The problem with money

Why would anyone need a new kind of money? 4 min

Look at the money in your bank account. You think of it as yours, but in practice three parties decide what happens to it: the central bank that issues it, the commercial bank that holds it, and the payment networks that move it.

Someone decides how much exists

Modern currencies have no fixed supply. A central bank can create more whenever it judges it necessary. Each new unit makes the existing ones worth a little less, which is why prices rise over time. Since 1913, the US dollar has lost more than 95% of its purchasing power.

In some countries this happens fast. In Zimbabwe in 2008 and in Venezuela in the 2010s, prices doubled within weeks or days, and a lifetime of savings disappeared.

Someone decides whether you can pay

Every card payment or transfer is a request. A bank can delay it, refuse it, or freeze the account behind it. Most of the time this never happens to you, but you are relying on permission all the same.

Someone takes a cut at every hop

Sending money abroad still takes days and passes through several intermediaries, each taking a fee. For the hundreds of millions of people who send money home to their families, those fees add up to tens of billions of dollars a year.

What to remember

  • Traditional money depends on issuers and intermediaries.
  • Its supply can grow without limit, which erodes savings.
  • Every payment needs permission and usually pays a toll.

Quick check

Why do prices tend to rise over time with traditional currencies?

What do card payments and bank transfers have in common?